In the UK, police have specific legal powers to remove unauthorised encampments, but only when certain conditions are met. These powers come mainly from the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (CJPOA), with additional provisions introduced by the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022.
Key Police Powers (CJPOA Sections 61–62)
Police can direct trespassers to leave land immediately if:
- The landowner has asked them to leave and they have refused
- There are two or more people present with one or more vehicles
- There has been damage, threatening behaviour, or disorder
- The encampment is causing serious disruption or distress to the local community
If these conditions are met, officers can require the group to leave and not return for a specified period.
Consequences of Non-Compliance
If trespassers fail to comply with police directions:
- They may face arrest and prosecution
- Vehicles and property used in the offence can be seized
- Courts can impose fines or imprisonment for repeat or serious breaches
Enhanced Powers (Post-2022)
Under newer legislation, police can:
- Act more quickly in serious cases, particularly where there is significant disruption
- Target repeat encampments more effectively
- Take stronger action where there is damage, intimidation, or impact on communities
When Police May Not Intervene
Police will not usually act if:
- The situation is peaceful and does not meet legal thresholds
- There is no evidence of damage, obstruction, or serious disruption
- It remains a civil trespass matter, which should be handled by the landowner through the courts
Best Practice for Landowners
- Report encampments early to your local council and police
- Keep records, photos, and vehicle details to support enforcement
- Once cleared, install barriers, gates, or bollards to prevent re-entry
- Use clear signage to reinforce private land rights
Key Takeaway
Police powers are strong but not automatic—they depend on specific legal conditions. The most effective approach is combining early reporting with physical prevention measures to stop encampments forming in the first place.
